A solar panel, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) panel, is a device that converts sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials like silicon. These panels are made up of many solar cells connected in series or parallel to generate a usable amount of power. When sunlight hits a solar cell, it excites electrons in the semiconductor, creating an electric current. Solar panels are typically installed on rooftops or in open spaces to maximize sunlight exposure and are commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

The use of solar panels offers numerous environmental and economic benefits. They produce clean, renewable energy with no greenhouse gas emissions, helping to combat climate change and reduce air pollution. Over time, solar panels can also lead to significant cost savings on electricity bills, especially with government incentives and net metering programs. With advances in solar technology, panel efficiency continues to improve, and installation costs are steadily decreasing, making solar energy an increasingly accessible and sustainable power source for communities worldwide.

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